snapfreeze/sql-query-builder

FORK -- 一个优雅、轻量且高效的 SQL 查询接口构建器，支持绑定和复杂查询生成。

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详细信息

github.com/snapfreeze/php-sql-query-builder

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源代码

安装次数: 75

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关注者: 1

分支: 115

v2.0.3 2017-09-28 10:45 UTC

Requires

Requires (Dev)

MIT b4e6a8d30d69c5479776082a6c458ebf88d2299b

ormsqlmysqlqueryquery builderbuilder

This package is not auto-updated.

Last update: 2024-09-29 02:49:48 UTC

README

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一个优雅、轻量且高效的 SQL 查询构建器，具有流畅的接口 SQL 语法，支持绑定和复杂查询生成。 无需建立数据库连接即可工作。

1. 安装 ↑

推荐通过 Composer 安装 SQL 查询构建器。运行以下命令进行安装

php composer.phar require nilportugues/sql-query-builder

2. 构建器 ↑

SQL 查询构建器允许使用 SQL-2003 语法（默认）和 MySQL 语法（扩展 SQL-2003 语法）生成复杂 SQL 查询。

2.1. 通用构建器 ↑

通用查询构建器是这个类的默认构建器，并生成标准 SQL-2003。

默认情况下，所有列别名都使用 ' 符号进行转义。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()->setTable('user');    

echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user

2.2. MySQL 构建器 ↑

MySQL 查询构建器有自己的类，继承自 SQL-2003 构建器。所有列都将使用波浪号 ` 符号进行包装。

默认情况下，所有表和列别名都使用波浪号 ~ 符号进行转义。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\MySqlBuilder;

$builder = new MySqlBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()->setTable('user'); 

echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT user.* FROM `user`

2.3. 人类可读的输出 ↑

通用和MySQL查询构建器都可以编写复杂的SQL查询。

每个开发者都可能需要在某个时候修订复杂查询的输出，因此 SQL 查询构建器包括一个友好的输出方法，因此 writeFormatted 方法可以在需要时帮助开发者。

请注意，writeFormatted 在生产模式下应尽可能避免，因为它会增加由于解析和重新格式化生成的语句而不必要的工作量。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()->setTable('user');  

echo $builder->writeFormatted($query);

输出

SELECT 
    user.* 
FROM 
    user

更复杂的示例可以在文档中找到。

3. 构建查询 ↑

3.1. SELECT 语句 ↑

3.1.1. 基本SELECT语句 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(['user_id','name','email']);
     
echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT user.user_id, user.name, user.email FROM user

3.1.2. 别名SELECT语句 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(['userId' => 'user_id', 'username' => 'name', 'email' => 'email']);
       
echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT user.user_id AS 'userId', user.name AS 'username', user.email AS 'email' FROM user

3.1.3. 带WHERE语句的SELECT ↑

使用WHERE条件进行过滤的默认逻辑操作符是AND。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns([
        'userId' => 'user_id',
        'username' => 'name',
        'email' => 'email'
    ])
    ->where()
    ->greaterThan('user_id', 5)
    ->notLike('username', 'John');
      
echo $builder->writeFormatted($query);

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id AS 'userId',
    user.name AS 'username',
    user.email AS 'email'
FROM 
    user 
WHERE 
    (user.user_id < :v1)
    AND (user.username NOT LIKE :v2)

3.1.4. 复杂WHERE条件 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1)
    ->equals('user_id', 2)
    ->subWhere("OR")
    ->lessThan($column, 10)
    ->greaterThan('user_id', 100);

echo $builder->writeFormatted($query);

输出

SELECT
    user.*
FROM
    user
WHERE
    (user.user_id = :v1)
    AND (user.user_id = :v2)
    AND (
        (user.user_id < :v3)
        OR (user.user_id > :v4)
    )

3.1.5. JOIN & LEFT/RIGHT/INNER/CROSS JOIN SELECT语句 ↑

JOIN、LEFT JOIN、RIGHT JOIN、INNER JOIN、CROSS JOIN的语法完全相同。

以下是一个示例，选择表和连接表中的列，并使用表和连接表中的列进行排序。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns([
            'userId'   => 'user_id',
            'username' => 'name',
            'email'    => 'email',
            'created_at'
    ])
    ->orderBy('user_id', OrderBy::DESC)
    ->leftJoin(
        'news', //join table
        'user_id', //origin table field used to join
        'author_id', //join column
         ['newsTitle' => 'title', 'body', 'created_at', 'updated_at']
     )
    ->on()
    ->equals('author_id', 1); //enforcing a condition on the join column

$query
    ->where()
    ->greaterThan('user_id', 5)
    ->notLike('username', 'John');

$query
    ->orderBy('created_at', OrderBy::DESC);

echo $builder->writeFormatted($query);

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id AS 'userId',
    user.name AS 'username',
    user.email AS 'email',
    user.created_at,
    news.title AS 'newsTitle',
    news.body,
    news.created_at,
    news.updated_at 
FROM 
    user 
LEFT JOIN 
        news
    ON 
        (news.author_id = user.user_id) 
        AND (news.author_id = :v1)
WHERE 
    (user.user_id < :v2)
    AND (user.username NOT LIKE :v3)        
ORDER BY 
    user.user_id DESC,
    news.created_at DESC;

3.1.6. 计数行 ↑

计数行有3种可能的方式，使用ALL选择器*，指定一个列或指定一个列及其别名。

3.1.6.1. 使用ALL选择器进行计数

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
        ->setTable('user')
        ->count()

echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user;

3.1.6.2. 使用列作为选择器进行计数

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
        ->setTable('user')
        ->count('user_id')

echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT COUNT(user.user_id) FROM user;

3.1.6.3. 使用列作为选择器进行计数

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
        ->setTable('user')
        ->count('user_id', 'total_users')

echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT COUNT(user.user_id) AS 'total_users' FROM user;

3.2. INSERT语句 ↑

INSERT语句非常简单。

3.2.1 基本INSERT语句 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->insert()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setValues([
        'user_id' => 1,
        'name'    => 'Nil',
        'contact' => 'contact@nilportugues.com',
    ]);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

INSERT INTO user (user.user_id, user.name, user.contact) VALUES (:v1, :v2, :v3)
[':v1' => 1, ':v2' => 'Nil', ':v3' => 'contact@nilportugues.com'];

3.3. UPDATE语句 ↑

UPDATE语句与预期的一样，设置值和条件以匹配行即可。

以下提供了示例。

3.3.1 基本UPDATE语句 ↑

重要的是包含where语句是关键，否则如果执行该语句，将用提供的值替换表中的所有行。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->update()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setValues([
        'user_id' => 1,
        'name' => 'Nil',
        'contact' => 'contact@nilportugues.com'
    ])
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1);

$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

UPDATE 
    user 
SET
    user.user_id = :v1,
    user.name = :v2, 
    user.contact = :v3
WHERE 
    (user.user_id = :v4)
[':v1' => 1, ':v2' => 'Nil', ':v3' => 'contact@nilportugues.com', ':v4' => 1];

3.3.2. 扩展UPDATE语句 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Syntax\OrderBy;
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->update()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setValues([
        'name' => 'UpdatedName',
    ]);
    
$query
    ->where()
    ->like('username', '%N')
    ->between('user_id', 1, 2000);
        
$query
    ->orderBy('user_id', OrderBy::ASC)
    ->limit(1);            
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

UPDATE 
    user 
SET 
    user.name = :v1
WHERE 
    (user.username LIKE :v2) 
    AND (user.user_id BETWEEN :v3 AND :v4)
ORDER BY 
    user.user_id ASC 
LIMIT :v5

3.4. DELETE语句 ↑

DELETE语句的使用方式与UPDATE相同，但不设置值。

以下提供了示例。

3.4.1. 使用DELETE语句清空表 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->delete()
    ->setTable('user');
   
$sql = $builder->write($query);

输出

DELETE FROM user

3.4.2. 基本DELETE语句 ↑

重要的是包含where语句是关键，否则如果执行该语句，将用提供的值删除表中的所有行。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->delete()
    ->setTable('user');

$query
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 100);

$query
    ->limit(1);
   
$sql = $builder->write($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

DELETE FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v1) LIMIT :v2
[':v1' => 100, ':v2' => 1];

3.4.2. 扩展DELETE语句 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Syntax\OrderBy;
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->delete()
    ->setTable('user');
    
$query
    ->where()
    ->like('username', '%N')
    ->between('user_id', 1, 2000);
        
$query
    ->orderBy('user_id', OrderBy::ASC)
    ->limit(1);            
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

DELETE FROM 
    user 
WHERE 
    (user.username LIKE :v1) 
    AND (user.user_id BETWEEN :v2 AND :v3)
ORDER BY 
    user.user_id ASC 
LIMIT :v4

3.5. INTERSECT语句 ↑

MySQL不支持INTERSECT。可以通过使用INNER JOIN语句代替来达到相同的结果。

INTERSECT语句非常简单。

3.5.1 基本INTERSECT语句 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user');
$select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails');
   
$query = $builder->intersect()
    ->add($select1)
    ->add($select2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user
INTERSECT
SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email

3.6. MINUS语句 ↑

MySQL不支持MINUS。可以通过使用LEFT JOIN语句结合IS NULL或NOT IN条件来达到相同的结果。

MINUS语句非常简单。

3.6.1 基本MINUS语句 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user');
$select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails');
   
$query = $builder->minus($select1, $select2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user
MINUS
SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email

3.7. UNION语句 ↑

UNION语句非常简单。

3.7.1 基本UNION语句 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user');
$select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails');
   
$query = $builder->union()
    ->add($select1)
    ->add($select2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user
UNION
SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email

3.8. UNION ALL 语句 ↑

UNION ALL 语句非常简单。

3.8.1 基本的 UNION ALL 语句 ↑

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user');
$select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails');
   
$query = $builder->unionAll()
    ->add($select1)
    ->add($select2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user
UNION ALL
SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email

4. 高级查询 ↑

4.1. 使用 WHERE 条件进行过滤 ↑

以下操作符可用于使用 WHERE 条件进行过滤

public function subWhere($operator = 'OR');
public function equals($column, $value);        
public function notEquals($column, $value);
public function greaterThan($column, $value);
public function greaterThanOrEqual($column, $value);
public function lessThan($column, $value);
public function lessThanOrEqual($column, $value);
public function like($column, $value);
public function notLike($column, $value);
public function match(array $columns, array $values);
public function matchBoolean(array $columns, array $values);
public function matchWithQueryExpansion(array $columns, array $values);
public function in($column, array $values);
public function notIn($column, array $values);
public function between($column, $a, $b);
public function notBetween($column, $a, $b);
public function isNull($column);
public function isNotNull($column);
public function exists(Select $select);
public function notExists(Select $select);
public function addBitClause($column, $value);    
public function asLiteral($literal);

4.2. 更改 WHERE 逻辑运算符 ↑

WHERE 默认的运算符必须通过将逻辑运算符 OR 传递给 where 方法来更改。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->where('OR')
    ->equals('user_id', 1)
    ->like('name', '%N%');       
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v1) OR (user.name LIKE :v2)

4.3. 使用 GROUP BY 和 HAVING 进行分组 ↑

连接多个 HAVING 条件时的默认逻辑运算符是 AND。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns([
        'userId'   => 'user_id',
        'username' => 'name',
        'email'    => 'email',
        'created_at'
    ])
    ->groupBy(['user_id', 'name'])
    ->having()
    ->equals('user_id', 1)
    ->equals('user_id', 2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id AS 'userId',
    user.name AS 'username',
    user.email AS 'email',
    user.created_at 
FROM 
    user 
GROUP BY 
    user.user_id, user.name 
HAVING 
    (user.user_id = :v1)
    AND (user.user_id = :v2)

4.3.1 可用的 HAVING 运算符 ↑

与 WHERE 语句中使用的相同运算符可用于 HAVING 操作。

4.4. 更改 HAVING 逻辑运算符 ↑

HAVING 默认的运算符必须通过将逻辑运算符 OR 传递给 having 方法来更改。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns([
        'userId'   => 'user_id',
        'username' => 'name',
        'email'    => 'email',
        'created_at'
    ])
    ->groupBy(['user_id', 'name'])
    ->having('OR')
    ->equals('user_id', 1)
    ->equals('user_id', 2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id AS 'userId',
    user.name AS 'username',
    user.email AS 'email',
    user.created_at 
FROM 
    user 
GROUP BY 
    user.user_id, user.name 
HAVING 
    (user.user_id = :v1)
    OR (user.user_id = :v2)

4.5. 将列作为 SELECT 语句 ↑

有时，需要将列设置为列。SQL 查询构建器也解决了这个问题！请查看下面的示例。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$selectRole = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('role')
    ->setColumns(array('role_name'))
    ->limit(1)
    ->where()
    ->equals('role_id', 3);

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username'))
    ->setSelectAsColumn(array('user_role' => $selectRole))
    ->setSelectAsColumn(array($selectRole))
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 4);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id,
    user.username,
    (
        SELECT 
            role.role_name 
        FROM 
            role 
        WHERE 
            (role.role_id = :v1) 
        LIMIT :v2, :v3
    ) AS 'user_role', 
    (
        SELECT 
            role.role_name  
        FROM 
            role 
        WHERE 
            (role.role_id = :v4) 
        LIMIT :v5, :v6
    ) AS 'role' 
FROM 
    user 
WHERE 
    (user.user_id = :v7)

4.6. 列作为值 ↑

有时需要强制相同的列结构（例如：UNIONs），即使没有列或值。使用值强制列可以解决这个问题。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username'))
    ->setValueAsColumn('10', 'priority')
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id,
    user.username,
    :v1 AS 'priority' 
FROM 
    user 
WHERE
    (user.user_id = :v2)

4.7. 使用函数的列 ↑

MAX 函数的示例。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username'))
    ->setFunctionAsColumn('MAX', array('user_id'), 'max_id')
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1); 
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id,
    user.username,
    MAX(user_id) AS 'max_id'
FROM 
    user
WHERE
    (user.user_id = :v1)

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP 函数的示例。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username'))
    ->setFunctionAsColumn('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', array(), 'server_time')
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id,
    user.username,
    CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS 'server_time' 
FROM 
    user 
WHERE
    (user.user_id = :v1)

5. 添加注释到查询 ↑

查询构建器允许通过使用 setComment 方法添加到所有查询方法的注释。

一些有用的用例示例可以是

  • 解释复杂的查询或其存在的理由。
  • 从其注释中找到慢查询。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setComment('This is a comment');
    
$sql = $builder->write($query);

输出

-- This is a comment
SELECT user.* FROM user

6. 代码质量 ↑

测试已使用 PHPUnit 和 Travis-CI 进行。所有代码都已测试，兼容 PHP 5.4 到 PHP 5.6 和 HHVM。

要运行测试套件，您需要 Composer

    php composer.phar install --dev
    php bin/phpunit

7. 作者 ↑

Nil Portugués Calderó

8. 许可证 ↑

SQL Query Builder 在 MIT 许可证下授权。

Copyright (c) 2014 Nil Portugués Calderó

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

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