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PostgreSQL的Sql工具

upsert

如何执行UPDATE语句或INSERT语句，如果行不存在。

想象以下表

CREATE TABLE PUBLIC.TBUPSERTEXAMPLE
(
  KEY1 CHARACTER VARYING(10) NOT NULL,
  KEY2 CHARACTER VARYING(14) NOT NULL,
  KEY3 CHARACTER VARYING(14) NOT NULL,
  KEY4 CHARACTER VARYING(14) NOT NULL,

  VALUE1 CHARACTER VARYING(20),
  VALUE2 CHARACTER VARYING(20) NOT NULL,
  VALUE3 CHARACTER VARYING(100),
  VALUE4 CHARACTER VARYING(400),
  VALUE5 CHARACTER VARYING(20),

  CONSTRAINT TBUPSERTEXAMPLE_PKEY PRIMARY KEY (KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4)
)

我们可以执行一个'upsert'语句，如下所示

WITH upsert AS (
    UPDATE PUBLIC.TBUPSERTEXAMPLE
    SET
        VALUE1 = :VALUE1,
        VALUE2 = :VALUE2,
        VALUE3 = :VALUE3,
        VALUE4 = :VALUE4,
        VALUE5 = :VALUE5
    WHERE
        KEY1 = :KEY1 AND
        KEY2 = :KEY2 AND
        KEY2 = :KEY3 AND
        KEY3 = :KEY4
    RETURNING *
)
INSERT INTO PUBLIC.TBUPSERTEXAMPLE(KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, VALUE1, VALUE2, VALUE3, VALUE4, VALUE5)
SELECT``
    :KEY1, :KEY2, :KEY3, :KEY4, :VALUE1, :VALUE2, :VALUE3, :VALUE4, :VALUE5
WHERE
    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM upsert);

但是自从PostgreSQL 9.5以来，我们也可以这样做

insert into PUBLIC.TBUPSERTEXAMPLE (key1, key2, key3, key4, value1, value2, value3, value4, value5)
  values (:KEY1, :KEY2, :KEY3, :KEY4, :VALUE1, :VALUE2, :VALUE3, :VALUE4, :VALUE5)
on conflict (key1, key2, key3, key4)
do update set 
  value1 = :VALUE1, 
  value2 = :VALUE1, 
  value3 = :VALUE1, 
  value4 = :VALUE1, 
  value5 = :VALUE1
where 
  TBUPSERTEXAMPLE.key1 = :KEY1 and 
  TBUPSERTEXAMPLE.key2 = :KEY2 and 
  TBUPSERTEXAMPLE.key3 = :KEY3 and 
  TBUPSERTEXAMPLE.key4 = :KEY4;

PDO使用示例

use G\SqlUtils\Upsert;

$conn = new PDO('pgsql:dbname=gonzalo;host=localhost', 'username', 'password');
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

$conn->beginTransaction();
try {
    Upsert::createFromPDO($conn)->exec('PUBLIC.TBUPSERTEXAMPLE', [
        'KEY1' => 'key1',
        'KEY2' => 'key2',
        'KEY3' => 'key3',
        'KEY4' => 'key4',
    ], [
        'VALUE1' => 'value1',
        'VALUE2' => 'value2',
        'VALUE3' => 'value3',
        'VALUE4' => 'value4',
        'VALUE5' => 'value5',
    ]);
    $conn->commit();
} catch (Exception $e) {
    $conn->rollback();
    throw $e;
}

DBAL使用示例

use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
use G\SqlUtils\Upsert;

$connectionParams = [
    'dbname'   => 'gonzalo',
    'user'     => 'username',
    'password' => 'password',
    'host'     => 'localhost',
    'driver'   => 'pdo_pgsql',
];

$dbh = DriverManager::getConnection($connectionParams);
$dbh->transactional(function ($conn) {
    Upsert::createFromDBAL($conn)->exec('PUBLIC.TBUPSERTEXAMPLE', [
        'KEY1' => 'key1',
        'KEY2' => 'key2',
        'KEY3' => 'key3',
        'KEY4' => 'key4',
    ], [
        'VALUE1' => 'value1',
        'VALUE2' => 'value2',
        'VALUE3' => 'value3',
        'VALUE4' => null,
        'VALUE5' => 'value5',
    ]);
});