achterin/sql-query-builder

FORK -- 一个优雅、轻量且高效的 SQL 查询接口构建器,支持绑定和复杂查询生成。

v2.0.4 2017-10-02 13:06 UTC

This package is not auto-updated.

Last update: 2024-09-29 04:49:27 UTC


README

Build Status Coverage Status Scrutinizer Code Quality SensioLabsInsight Latest Stable Version Total Downloads License Donate

一个优雅、轻量且高效的 SQL 查询构建器,具有流畅的界面 SQL 语法,支持绑定和复杂查询生成。 无需建立数据库连接即可工作。

1. 安装

推荐通过 Composer 安装 SQL 查询构建器。运行以下命令进行安装

php composer.phar require nilportugues/sql-query-builder

2. 构建器

SQL 查询构建器允许使用 SQL-2003 方言(默认)和 MySQL 方言(扩展 SQL-2003)生成复杂 SQL 查询。

2.1. 通用构建器

通用查询构建器是这个类的默认构建器,并写入标准的 SQL-2003。

默认情况下,所有列别名都使用单引号进行转义。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()->setTable('user');    

echo $builder->write($query);    

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user

2.2. MySQL 构建器

MySQL 查询构建器有其自己的类,该类继承自 SQL-2003 构建器。所有列都将用波浪线 ` 符号括起来。

默认情况下,所有表和列别名都使用波浪线符号进行转义。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\MySqlBuilder;

$builder = new MySqlBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()->setTable('user'); 

echo $builder->write($query);    

输出

SELECT user.* FROM `user` 

2.3. 易于阅读的输出

通用和 MySQL 查询构建器都可以编写复杂的 SQL 查询。

每个开发者都需要在某个时候修改复杂查询的输出,因此 SQL 查询构建器包括一个用户友好的输出方法,因此 writeFormatted 方法可以帮助开发者满足需求。

请注意,在生产模式中应尽量避免使用 writeFormatted,因为它会由于解析和重新格式化生成的语句而添加不必要的开销。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()->setTable('user');  

echo $builder->writeFormatted($query);    

输出

SELECT 
    user.* 
FROM 
    user

更复杂的示例可以在文档中找到。

3. 构建查询

3.1. SELECT 语句

3.1.1. 基本的SELECT语句

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(['user_id','name','email']);
     
echo $builder->write($query);    

输出

SELECT user.user_id, user.name, user.email FROM user

3.1.2. 带别名的SELECT语句

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(['userId' => 'user_id', 'username' => 'name', 'email' => 'email']);
       
echo $builder->write($query);    

输出

SELECT user.user_id AS 'userId', user.name AS 'username', user.email AS 'email' FROM user

3.1.3. 带WHERE语句的SELECT

使用WHERE条件进行过滤的默认逻辑运算符是AND

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns([
        'userId' => 'user_id',
        'username' => 'name',
        'email' => 'email'
    ])
    ->where()
    ->greaterThan('user_id', 5)
    ->notLike('username', 'John');
      
echo $builder->writeFormatted($query);    

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id AS 'userId',
    user.name AS 'username',
    user.email AS 'email'
FROM 
    user 
WHERE 
    (user.user_id < :v1)
    AND (user.username NOT LIKE :v2)

3.1.4. 复杂WHERE条件

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1)
    ->equals('user_id', 2)
    ->subWhere("OR")
    ->lessThan($column, 10)
    ->greaterThan('user_id', 100);

echo $builder->writeFormatted($query);

输出

SELECT
    user.*
FROM
    user
WHERE
    (user.user_id = :v1)
    AND (user.user_id = :v2)
    AND (
        (user.user_id < :v3)
        OR (user.user_id > :v4)
    )

JOIN与LEFT/RIGHT/INNER/CROSS JOIN SELECT语句

JOINLEFT JOINRIGHT JOININNER JOINCROSS JOIN的语法工作方式完全相同。

以下是一个示例,选择表和连接表中的列,并使用表和连接表中的列进行排序。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns([
            'userId'   => 'user_id',
            'username' => 'name',
            'email'    => 'email',
            'created_at'
    ])
    ->orderBy('user_id', OrderBy::DESC)
    ->leftJoin(
        'news', //join table
        'user_id', //origin table field used to join
        'author_id', //join column
         ['newsTitle' => 'title', 'body', 'created_at', 'updated_at']
     )
    ->on()
    ->equals('author_id', 1); //enforcing a condition on the join column

$query
    ->where()
    ->greaterThan('user_id', 5)
    ->notLike('username', 'John');

$query
    ->orderBy('created_at', OrderBy::DESC);

echo $builder->writeFormatted($query); 

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id AS 'userId',
    user.name AS 'username',
    user.email AS 'email',
    user.created_at,
    news.title AS 'newsTitle',
    news.body,
    news.created_at,
    news.updated_at 
FROM 
    user 
LEFT JOIN 
        news
    ON 
        (news.author_id = user.user_id) 
        AND (news.author_id = :v1)
WHERE 
    (user.user_id < :v2)
    AND (user.username NOT LIKE :v3)        
ORDER BY 
    user.user_id DESC,
    news.created_at DESC;

3.1.6. 计数行

计数行有三种可能的方式,使用ALL选择器*,指定列或指定列及其别名。

3.1.6.1. 使用ALL选择器进行计数

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
        ->setTable('user')
        ->count()

echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user;

3.1.6.2. 使用列作为选择器进行计数

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
        ->setTable('user')
        ->count('user_id')

echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT COUNT(user.user_id) FROM user;

3.1.6.3. 使用列作为选择器进行计数

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
        ->setTable('user')
        ->count('user_id', 'total_users')

echo $builder->write($query);

输出

SELECT COUNT(user.user_id) AS 'total_users' FROM user;

3.2. INSERT语句

INSERT语句非常简单。

3.2.1. 基本INSERT语句

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->insert()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setValues([
        'user_id' => 1,
        'name'    => 'Nil',
        'contact' => 'contact@nilportugues.com',
    ]);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

INSERT INTO user (user.user_id, user.name, user.contact) VALUES (:v1, :v2, :v3)
[':v1' => 1, ':v2' => 'Nil', ':v3' => 'contact@nilportugues.com'];

3.3. UPDATE语句

UPDATE语句工作方式正如预期,设置值和条件以匹配行,即可完成。

以下提供了一些示例。

3.3.1. 基本UPDATE语句

重要的是包括where语句是关键,否则如果执行此语句,则所有表行将被提供的值替换。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->update()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setValues([
        'user_id' => 1,
        'name' => 'Nil',
        'contact' => 'contact@nilportugues.com'
    ])
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1);

$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

UPDATE 
    user 
SET
    user.user_id = :v1,
    user.name = :v2, 
    user.contact = :v3
WHERE 
    (user.user_id = :v4)
[':v1' => 1, ':v2' => 'Nil', ':v3' => 'contact@nilportugues.com', ':v4' => 1];

3.3.2. 详细UPDATE语句

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Syntax\OrderBy;
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->update()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setValues([
        'name' => 'UpdatedName',
    ]);
    
$query
    ->where()
    ->like('username', '%N')
    ->between('user_id', 1, 2000);
        
$query
    ->orderBy('user_id', OrderBy::ASC)
    ->limit(1);            
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

UPDATE 
    user 
SET 
    user.name = :v1
WHERE 
    (user.username LIKE :v2) 
    AND (user.user_id BETWEEN :v3 AND :v4)
ORDER BY 
    user.user_id ASC 
LIMIT :v5

3.4. DELETE语句

DELETE语句的使用方式与UPDATE相同,但不设置值。

以下提供了一些示例。

3.4.1. 使用DELETE语句清空表

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->delete()
    ->setTable('user');
   
$sql = $builder->write($query);   

输出

DELETE FROM user

3.4.2. 基本DELETE语句

重要的是包括where语句是关键,否则如果执行此语句,则所有表行将被提供的值删除。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->delete()
    ->setTable('user');

$query
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 100);

$query
    ->limit(1);
   
$sql = $builder->write($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

DELETE FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v1) LIMIT :v2
[':v1' => 100, ':v2' => 1];

3.4.2. 详细DELETE语句

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Syntax\OrderBy;
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->delete()
    ->setTable('user');
    
$query
    ->where()
    ->like('username', '%N')
    ->between('user_id', 1, 2000);
        
$query
    ->orderBy('user_id', OrderBy::ASC)
    ->limit(1);            
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

DELETE FROM 
    user 
WHERE 
    (user.username LIKE :v1) 
    AND (user.user_id BETWEEN :v2 AND :v3)
ORDER BY 
    user.user_id ASC 
LIMIT :v4

3.5. INTERSECT语句

MySQL不支持INTERSECT。可以通过使用INNER JOIN语句而不是INTERSECT来达到相同的结果。

INTERSECT语句非常简单。

3.5.1. 基本INTERSECT语句

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user');
$select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails');
   
$query = $builder->intersect()
    ->add($select1)
    ->add($select2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user
INTERSECT
SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email

3.6. MINUS语句

MySQL不支持MINUS。可以通过使用LEFT JOIN语句以及IS NULL或NOT IN条件来达到相同的结果。

MINUS语句非常简单。

3.6.1. 基本MINUS语句

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user');
$select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails');
   
$query = $builder->minus($select1, $select2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user
MINUS
SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email

3.7. UNION语句

UNION语句非常简单。

3.7.1. 基本UNION语句

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user');
$select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails');
   
$query = $builder->union()
    ->add($select1)
    ->add($select2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user
UNION
SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email

3.8. UNION ALL语句

UNION ALL语句非常简单。

3.8.1. 基本UNION ALL语句

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user');
$select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails');
   
$query = $builder->unionAll()
    ->add($select1)
    ->add($select2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user
UNION ALL
SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email

4. 高级查询

4.1. 使用 WHERE 过滤

以下运算符可用于 WHERE 条件过滤

public function subWhere($operator = 'OR');
public function equals($column, $value);        
public function notEquals($column, $value);
public function greaterThan($column, $value);
public function greaterThanOrEqual($column, $value);
public function lessThan($column, $value);
public function lessThanOrEqual($column, $value);
public function like($column, $value);
public function notLike($column, $value);
public function match(array $columns, array $values);
public function matchBoolean(array $columns, array $values);
public function matchWithQueryExpansion(array $columns, array $values);
public function in($column, array $values);
public function notIn($column, array $values);
public function between($column, $a, $b);
public function notBetween($column, $a, $b);
public function isNull($column);
public function isNotNull($column);
public function exists(Select $select);
public function notExists(Select $select);
public function addBitClause($column, $value);    
public function asLiteral($literal);

4.2. 更改 WHERE 逻辑运算符

WHERE 默认运算符必须更改,通过将逻辑运算符 OR 传递给 where 方法。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->where('OR')
    ->equals('user_id', 1)
    ->like('name', '%N%');       
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT user.* FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v1) OR (user.name LIKE :v2)

4.3. 使用 GROUP BY 和 HAVING 进行分组

连接多个 HAVING 条件时的默认逻辑运算符是 AND

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns([
        'userId'   => 'user_id',
        'username' => 'name',
        'email'    => 'email',
        'created_at'
    ])
    ->groupBy(['user_id', 'name'])
    ->having()
    ->equals('user_id', 1)
    ->equals('user_id', 2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id AS 'userId',
    user.name AS 'username',
    user.email AS 'email',
    user.created_at 
FROM 
    user 
GROUP BY 
    user.user_id, user.name 
HAVING 
    (user.user_id = :v1)
    AND (user.user_id = :v2)

4.3.1 可用的 HAVING 运算符

在 WHERE 语句中使用的相同运算符可用于 HAVING 操作。

4.4. 更改 HAVING 逻辑运算符

HAVING 默认运算符必须更改,通过将逻辑运算符 OR 传递给 having 方法。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns([
        'userId'   => 'user_id',
        'username' => 'name',
        'email'    => 'email',
        'created_at'
    ])
    ->groupBy(['user_id', 'name'])
    ->having('OR')
    ->equals('user_id', 1)
    ->equals('user_id', 2);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id AS 'userId',
    user.name AS 'username',
    user.email AS 'email',
    user.created_at 
FROM 
    user 
GROUP BY 
    user.user_id, user.name 
HAVING 
    (user.user_id = :v1)
    OR (user.user_id = :v2)

4.5. 作为 SELECT 语句的列

有时,需要将列设置为一个列。SQL 查询构建器也对此进行了覆盖!请查看下面的示例。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$selectRole = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('role')
    ->setColumns(array('role_name'))
    ->limit(1)
    ->where()
    ->equals('role_id', 3);

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username'))
    ->setSelectAsColumn(array('user_role' => $selectRole))
    ->setSelectAsColumn(array($selectRole))
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 4);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id,
    user.username,
    (
        SELECT 
            role.role_name 
        FROM 
            role 
        WHERE 
            (role.role_id = :v1) 
        LIMIT :v2, :v3
    ) AS 'user_role', 
    (
        SELECT 
            role.role_name  
        FROM 
            role 
        WHERE 
            (role.role_id = :v4) 
        LIMIT :v5, :v6
    ) AS 'role' 
FROM 
    user 
WHERE 
    (user.user_id = :v7)

4.6. 作为值的列

有时需要强制相同的列结构(例如:UNIONs),即使缺少列或值。使用值强制列可以得到解决。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username'))
    ->setValueAsColumn('10', 'priority')
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id,
    user.username,
    :v1 AS 'priority' 
FROM 
    user 
WHERE
    (user.user_id = :v2)

4.7. 使用函数的列

MAX 函数的示例。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username'))
    ->setFunctionAsColumn('MAX', array('user_id'), 'max_id')
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1); 
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id,
    user.username,
    MAX(user_id) AS 'max_id'
FROM 
    user
WHERE
    (user.user_id = :v1)

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP 函数的示例。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username'))
    ->setFunctionAsColumn('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', array(), 'server_time')
    ->where()
    ->equals('user_id', 1);
   
$sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query);    
$values = $builder->getValues();

输出

SELECT 
    user.user_id,
    user.username,
    CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS 'server_time' 
FROM 
    user 
WHERE
    (user.user_id = :v1)

5. 注释查询

查询构建器允许通过使用 setComment 方法向所有查询方法添加注释。

一些有用的用例示例可以是

  • 解释复杂的查询或其存在的原因。
  • 通过注释找到慢查询。

用法

<?php
use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder;

$builder = new GenericBuilder(); 

$query = $builder->select()
    ->setTable('user')
    ->setComment('This is a comment');
    
$sql = $builder->write($query);   

输出

-- This is a comment
SELECT user.* FROM user

6. 质量代码

测试已经使用 PHPUnit 和 Travis-CI 进行。所有代码都已测试,与 PHP 5.4 到 PHP 5.6 和 HHVM 兼容。

要运行测试套件,您需要 Composer

    php composer.phar install --dev
    php bin/phpunit

7. 作者

Nil Portugués Calderó

8. 许可证

SQL Query Builder 使用 MIT 许可证。

Copyright (c) 2014 Nil Portugués Calderó

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.